Project Management

A. Definition
B. Project Management Work Process
C. Areas of Project Management
D. Key Elements
E. Additional Definitions
F. Institute

A. Definition

Project is defined as a planned work or task is carried out under the agreed time frame, cost and other resources creating committed a product or service, usually with the specific goals. The Project is a unique endeavour undertaking different timing, resources, procedures, and circumstances. The Project is executed by a team-work and systematic operation in the internal and external organisations rather than individual work that is required the integrated effort to achieve the specific goals for the entire project life cycle: initiation, planning, execution (implementation, controlling and monitoring), and close-out activities.

Management is the activity in an organisation and the coordination of business in order to achieve defined objectives and goals that manages and controls resources (people, money, time, technology, procedure, etc.) efficiently and effectively. The Management includes to develop team objectives and goals, set up detailed execution plan and procedures, and coordinate with internal and external parties. Practice of modern management originates from the 16th century study of low-efficiency and failures of certain enterprises, conducted by the English statesman Sir Thomas More (1478-1535). The Management is also an academic discipline, a social science whose objective is to study social organisation.

Project Management is the managing and controlling the project scope of work with available resources that is the systematic work processes with skills, knowledge, tools and systems, and leading resources to achieve the project goals and objectives. The work process of Project Management is Initiating, Planning, Execution (Implementation, monitoring and controlling), and Close-out to complete the project successfully through the minimisation of the risks by an efficient resource and information management, and the maximisation of the company interests.

Project Manager (PM or Project Director, PD) is a person who has the overall responsibility for the successful project operation and achieving project goals and objectives for the entire project lifecycle. A PM is responsible for development of the project goals and objectives, project organisations with the roles and responsibilities, and set up the specific project baselines including the project execution plans and key procedures with key project members in accordance with the company policy and contractual requirement ensuring the key issues of cost, time, quality and safety, and client satisfaction, and sharing with internal and external organisation. A PM is the only point of contact for the stakeholders and client communication, and may need to have: leadership; communication; fast work pace and decision making; complexity and problem solving; business acumen; planning; personal knowledge and experience; initiative and independence; adaptability; tolerance for stress; client focused, and so on.

Product Manager is a professional role who is responsible for the development of products and businesses. The Product Manager identifies the product and customer needs that is the planning and execution through gathering and prioritising product and customer requirements, and coordinating with the internal and external organisations including technology, engineering, sales, marketing, and supporting department to ensure the company business goals. The Product Manager and Project Manager can do the work together on the same initiatives, but the Product Manager has strategic responsibility for driving the development of products, whereas the Project Manager is responsible for overseeing the execution of the production management.

Project Management Consultant (PMC) is a professional organisation of the project management who provides services on behalf of the owner in the large complex multi-unit projects or series of projects, and assists the owner in minimising costs, maximising return on investment and timely completion of the project or program. A PMC brings a set of systems, procedures, and methodologies for the owner consideration, and is responsible for overall planning and execution of the total project or program from definition through to start-up. A PMC coordinates the interfaces between the different EPC Contractors during all phases of the project or program.

Project Management Programme (Program) is the essential resources for project delivery professionals leading, managing or involved in projects or programmes that is a written system or manual and defines the project key aspects such as project goals and objectives, scopes, internal and external roles and responsibilities, plans and procedures, required input information, targets to achievement including anticipated completion date and commercial results, and deliverables, necessary resources and tools with key personnel qualifications and training, risks, changes, continuous improvement as well as close-out, management review and auditing.

Programme Management (Program Management) is a process of managing corporate multi-projects that is the coordinated management of projects and change management activities to achieve beneficial change. The Programme Management defines the list of dependent projects to be completed to reach the overall goal that is closely related to systems engineering and industrial engineering.

Advanced Project Management (APM) is 1) using the advanced technology, and tools and systems in the project management (e.g., The Stanford Advanced Project Management Certificate Program provides professionals with advanced tools and techniques to strategically execute projects, programs, and portfolios); 2) the project management and control methodology that is managing and controlling the readiness and predecessor activities of the critical activities in advance rather than main activities of critical path, especially focusing on the work processes and resources availability.

AAIPM manes the Advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Project Management that is the simulation and programming of human intelligence (experience, knowledge, science, technology, and skill, etc.) to be utilised and implemented in the project business through the cloud computing technologies. The definitions and scopes of AAIPM is under development in the project management of a plant business by ThePD (The Project Definition) with the project language.

B. Project Management Work Process (Life Cycle)

Project Life Cycle (or Project Management Life Cycle) is defined as the project progressive work processes from the beginning of the project to the end. The Project Life Cycle consists of the project initiation, planning, execution (implementation, controlling and monitoring), and close-out activities.

Initiation is a formal commencement of the work by obtaining authorisation. The Project Initiation means that the project execution team begins the project works or activities. Establish a project organisation, project baselines and kick-off meetings with internal and external members, and define what to do; who is going to be key members; overall project scope of work (responsibility); project schedule; budget, and project goals and objectives (execution philosophy or principle) to be a basis of the Project Execution Plan (PEP) and procedures. The Project Initiation team should agree with the overall project status include risks from a proposal team or a corporate planning team.

Planning is the methodology development how to achieve the goals and objectives through the identification of the needs and requirements, and to complete the task or project successfully. The Project Planning is a methodology development process for the achievement of the project success that is required an agreement and consensus with internal and external functional organisation through the project kick-off (K/O) meeting and alignment meetings. The Project Planning activities are the establishment and development of the project organisation with roles and responsibilities; the project baselines (e.g., project execution plan (PEP); detailed project schedules; budget and cash flow; risk management plan, etc.); project procedures including reporting and progress measurementation system, and manuals with the work processes for the project progress monitoring, controlling, performance appraisal, and required tools and systems (software). Effective planning requires the resource allocation planning for all team members, developed within approximately 2 to 3 months from the project beginning, and all Planning documentation should be updated and maintained for the entire project life cycle.

Execution is the implementation process that is the act of doing or performing the works and activities in accordance with agreed plans and procedures to satisfy the specifications and contractual requirements. The Project Execution is the performing the project scope of works and activities in accordance with the project baselines, plans, procedures, and resources for the project interface, change, schedule, cost, risk, quality, safety and environment management, and other contractual requirements. The key success factors for the project execution are well defined project definitions, roles and responsibilities, organised and building the team works, and accurate status reporting including forecast, timely decision making under the leadership of the project managers controls within internal and external organisations. (Refer to the Key Words for Successful Project Execution)

Monitoring is the observation of the actual performances comparing with plans. The Project Monitoring is the assessment or observation of the actual performances and progresses comparing with baselines and plans, and evaluation of the actual status and performance to ensure the project goals and targets can be met that is to review the project reports, interview project members, examine quality and completeness of output.

Controlling is the analysing of any gaps from original plans, and developing the corrective action plans for the achievement of the original targets and goals. The Project Controlling is to foresee or identify and analyse any gaps from original plans, and to develop the corrective action plans to meet the project targets and goals, or to evaluate project new goals and targets that is needed the forecasting ability, developing corrective action plan and change management. Corrective action plans can be included increase resources and/or upgrade work processes.

Close-out is a work process to finalise all activities of the project at the end of the project including hand-over the facilities and documentations to the client according to the contract terms and conditions. The Project Close-out activities include the preparation and development of project completion report (e.g., project histories and performance analysis with relevant raw data); project financial close out activities; archive project information to the company organisation; appraisals and demobilise project members. Any minor open issues including agreed punch works can be performed during a turn-around work period, any minor unsolved claims with other parties, and remaining financial follow-up activities such as a final payment to be paid after expiring of the warranty period, and bond returns, etc., can be handed-over to the company dedicated team.

Hand Over (or Turnover) is a responsibility transfer work process, giving of care, custody, and control (CCC) for project to owner at the final stage of project after the plant is constructed, inspected, and tested. The Hand Over activity includes all constructed facilities as well as project documentations as specified in the contract that is one of the project close out activities.

C. Areas of Project Management

Cash Flow Forecasting or Cash Flow Management is a key aspect of the financial management of a business. The Cash Flow Forecasting is a cash balance planning for the future cash requirements to avoid a crisis of liquidity. The best way of the cash flow forecasting will be realistic; definition of incomes and cost for expenditures; factor in fixed and variable costs (indirect costs); develop multiple scenarios, etc.

Change Management is a systematic work process of monitoring and controlling changes to minimise impact on the project. The Change Management includes the scope of work change, design basis change (before or after approval work process), design and engineering, work process change, and organisational change, etc. The Change Management work process is the identification of changes (e.g., difference from baseline); analysing impact; review and approval of change; implement changes, and feed back results. A Project need to assign a nominated change management person.

Client Relationship Management (CRM or Customer Relationship Management) is the practice and strategy of managing company's strengths and interactions with clients through the building of client relationships to support potential future continuous businesses. A CRM requires analysing and recognising needs; sharing objectives and goals; close communicating; trusting each other; keeping promises; delivering timely and quality responses; and improving relationship continuously; making for the overall client or customer satisfaction.

Configuration Management is the systematic application of management policies, procedures, and practices to assess and control changes to the hardware and software of a system which is always known and tracked including any future changes. The Configuration Management is maintaining consistency and traceability of the configuration of a product's performance, functional, and physical attributes with its requirements, design, and operational conditions to the design basis throughout the system life.

Communication and Coordination Management is a systematic organisational work process that includes the project information and interface management to ensure timely and appropriate creation, collection, distribution, and storage of project information. An effective communication and coordination is a key factor in the success of the Project Management that the plan must address the needs of, and be accepted and acknowledged by all parties. (Refer to the Information Management (IM))

Construction Management is for the maximise construction efficiency and minimise interferences with other activities at the site. The Construction Management is to control and manage the construction activities in accordance with the construction document and materials deliveries to the site as per the construction sequence. The Construction Management team evaluates and develops the optimum level (number) of construction labour mobilisation plan and minimisation of additional site works (e.g., re-do, preservation works etc.) through the construction cost and schedule control and management as well as the construction HSE and Quality management. (Refer to the Home Office Construction Management)

Home Office Construction Management is the construction planning and coordination activities with all various organisations to determine how to best perform the construction effort at the site. The Home Office Construction Management is performed during the engineering and early procurement phase to develop the construction planning such as the selection of construction technologies, performing the constructability study, development of construction organisation, schedule, budget, and resources requirement, and detailed construction methods and procedures including temporary facilities, construction sub-contracting plan, etc.

Contract Management is the process of managing legally binding agreements from the initial stages of deciding on the services needed, choosing of a provider of services, negotiation, and monitoring of the service until the contract ends that is the systematically and efficiently managing contract creation, execution, and analysis for the purpose of maximising financial and operational performance and minimising risk. The Contract Management is the management of contracts made with goods and services suppliers, partners, or employees, etc., that includes negotiating the terms and conditions in contracts and ensuring compliance, as well as documenting and agreeing on any changes or amendments that may arise during its implementation or execution.

Contractor Management is a systematic management work process of controls the project contractors to ensure of the contracted services which is the outsourced work performed by the individual company (Contractor). The Contract Management includes the contractor selection, controls and monitoring of contracted services, and close-out and appraisal of their products and services.

Cost Control and Management is a process involved in budget cost estimate (planning, estimating, financing and funding assistance, etc.), execution (controlling cost: budget allocation, expenditure, cash flow, payment, forecasting, etc.), and managing project cost (in order to minimise cost and increase profitability) that ensures the efficient operation of the project cost to complete the project within the approved budget.

Earned Value Management (EVM) is a performance management process based on a structured approach to planning, data gathering and performance measurement that links resource planning to cost and schedule requirements. All project works or activities are budgeted and scheduled in time increments incorporating the baselines. An EVM is a single integrated system of combining measurements of the project scope of work, schedule and cost, and also able to provide accurate forecasts of project performance.

Ecosystem Management is an approach to natural resource management including: the continuing evolution of social values and priorities; maintaining ecosystems in the appropriate condition to achieve desired social benefits; defining the relative priority of the benefits and costs, etc. The Ecosystem Management aims to sustain ecosystems and restore natural resources while meeting the socioeconomic, political, and cultural needs of current and future generations.

Emergency Management is work activities to plan for and respond to emergencies.

Engineering Management is a combining engineering and management skills with technical expertise to coordinate work in various technical fields including inter-disciplines and external interfaces, and to solve technical issues and problems. The Engineering Management is focusing on the application of engineering principles for the effective planning and efficient operations of resources and technologies.

Financial Management is a management work process that is the specific planning, directing, monitoring, organising, and controlling of the usage organisation's monetary resources. The Financial Management is to attain its business objectives and to accomplish the objectives of the organisation, and to return maximum value to shareholders by the efficient and effective management of money.

HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) Management is a company or organisation effort to minimise accidental hazards in the workplaces. A HSE Management ensures the reduction of employee health, safety, environment, and security risk and streamline HSE compliance including the training, accident response, emergency preparations, etc.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is to ensure the availability of right people for right jobs so as the organisational goals are achieved effectively that is the members and organisation management work process. A HRM aims to achieve its goals with maximisation of the employee and organisation performance in work or service. A HRM activities are recruitment, hiring of employee, providing orientation, training and skill development, performing performance appraisals, managing compensations and benefits, motivating including rewards, helping them with problems, and concerning industrial relations with labour laws.

Information Management (IM) is a systematic organisational work process for the information lifecycle: acquisition or collection (generation), organising and distribution (communication, distribution matrix), storing or archiving (numbering and filing system) and disposal (information (document) retention policy). Each information is needed to be assigned a responsible person to develop the correct information before released, and distributed to the right person or organisation, who should have it to support further progress and making right decision. An IM includes information storage or archiving to assure an accessibility for all relevant organisation, location and time depending on information confidentiality requirement, and security requirement (IP). An IM performs in accordance with the company information management policy and the project information (document) management and control procedures.

Information System Management is the automatic acquisition, storage, control, display, interchange of data or information that is developed a strategy of overall information management including databases, tools, facilities, and personnel. The Information System Management is integrated with related Information Technology (IT) functions, procedures for the implementation and application of all software, facilities, produces and systems for the engineering, manufacturing and operations.

Integration Management is to create better performance or more effective results combining and coordinating two or more functions. The Integration Management work process is to identify relevant effect elements, combine or coordinate or develop alternatives. The Project Integration includes process technology integration; risk, schedule and cost controls integration; internal and external organisational integration; inter disciplinary integration (e.g., process, control systems, electrical control systems, telecommunication systems and rotating equipment control systems, etc.). Project Integration Management is to develop a single framework for managing all the project activities that focuses on coordinating and integrating various project processes and activities to ensure the successful execution and completion of a project. The Project Integration Management is a complex process of identifying, defining, combining, unifying and coordinating various activities and tasks to meet the project objectives and goals that involves bringing together different elements of a project, such as company policy and procedure, scope of work, schedule, budget, resources, and specific project requirements, etc.

Interface Management is the activities of defining, controlling, and communicating the information needed at the common boundary where direct contact between two different cultures, devices, entities, environments, systems, etc., when working with multiple contractors, subcontractors, and clients. The Interface Management is a systematic implementation work process on the project including the streamline communications, identifies critical interfaces, and monitors ongoing work progress while mitigating risks. (Refer to the Project Interface)

Logistics Management is a part of the work process of the procurement management and supply chain management that includes the logistics planning, implementation, and control of the produced or procured items effectively and efficiently. The Logistic Management consists of the transportation for movement, warehouse management for storage, and information management such as related information from the point of origin to point of end user; inbound and outbound movement; internal and external interfaces for the customs clearances to achieve the timely in its delivery with cost effective way and meeting the project or contract requirements.

Material Management is the process of planning, organising, and controlling the flow of bulk materials that is a systematic measuring and trending of bulk material quantities of the cost associated with the purchase, supply, and installation. The Material Management is one of the critical activities for the project success that involves all aspects of the supply chain, including sourcing and procurement, inventory management, transportation, and storage. (e.g., quantity forecasting and supplying of bulk materials from BM take-off, and material handling to construction installation) The Material Management within the procurement organisation is an integrated effort between estimating, project controls, engineering disciplines, and construction field material controls.

Process Safety Management (PSM) is a safety management system concerned with the safety hazards arising from process operations, and distinct from the management of conventional safety (slips, trips, falls etc.). A PSM requires detailed knowledge of the chemical and process hazards associated with the operations of the plant that is a regulation by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Procurement Management is a work process of managing and controlling the procurement activities (e.g., bidder evaluation; bidding; contracting; expediting and inspection; transportation; payment; close-out etc.) to supply required equipment and materials or services to the project team on time, within budget and respected quality and quantity. The procurement work process is developed based on a fair and open competition. The procurement team evaluates and records a performance of suppliers (vendors) with the project team and related organisations to update company’s bidder list (supplier’s list) for the future business. Responsibility of the procurement team can be extended to a whole bulk material handling work process: the Material Management (from the bulk material take off (MTO) to field material control).

Resource Management is the method for the effective planning of all resources (e.g., finance, material, labour, skill and knowledge, and procedures, etc.) that is the distribution or scheduling of resources based on resource availability parameters. The Resource Management includes planning, allocating and scheduling of resources to tasks, which has an impact on schedules and costs as well as performance include work safety and quality. (Refer to the Resource Allocation Planning)

Risk Management is a work process to eliminate or minimise potential impact such as loss money, extend schedule, or less performance caused by the risks or uncertainties. The Risk Management work process is the risk identification; assessment and analysis (probability, consequence, and impact); treatment classification (risk response), and prioritisation, reporting, monitoring, and controlling. A method of the Risk Classification (response or hedging) is a Risk Avoidance (not to take: High probability and high impact); Risk Transfer (Financing, Insurance: Low probability and high impact); Risk Mitigation (Sharing, Contingency provision: High probability and low impact), and Risk Acceptance (Taking, Retention, and Unidentified Risk: Low probability and low impact).

Quality Management is the management activities of an organisation that is to make sure an organisation, product or service is consistent, and the company does things to a high standard. The Quality Management determines quality policies, objectives, plans, and responsibilities including quality control (QC), quality assurance (QA), and quality improvement through the inspections and audits.

Schedule Control and Management is a work process to control and manage the timely completion of the project including develop various schedules; measure the progresses, analyse and generate reports; support trouble shooting; forecast completion dates; etc., that ensures the efficient operation of the project resources to meet the project target date.

Scope Management is a work process of the project scope of work managing and controlling that is ensuring the performance the project requirements specified in the contract. The Scope of Work includes not only for a contractor and an owner but also a third party studies, reviews and approvals. The Scope Management techniques allow a project manager to allocate the right amount and quality of the work to the project internal and external organisation to complete the project. The Scope Management also requires the scope of work change management and control in accordance with the project change management procedure during the project execution until the project is successfully handed over to the owner. 

Stakeholder Management is the systematic identification and implementation of actions designed to engage with stakeholders who are an employer, employee, investor, customer, owner, or client including a government, community, supplier, contractor, etc. The Stakeholder Management is to identify all people or organisations impacted by the project, analyse stakeholder expectations, and impacts on the project, and develop appropriate management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project decisions and executions.

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the managing and controlling the supply chains (e.g., a source of raw material, fabrication or manufacture, logistics, expediting and inspection, end-user, and so on) effectively and efficiently to support the project and future business requirement.

Total Quality Control (TQC) is the practice of the quality control and management that is to develop, design, produce and service a quality product from design to delivery it with the most economical, useful, and satisfactory to the consumer. A TQC is the application of quality management principles to all areas of business that approaches to the long-term business success with continuous improvement in all aspects of an organisation as a standard process.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a quality management approach that seeks to provide long-term success by providing unparalleled customer satisfaction through the constant delivery of quality services. TQM requires all members of an organisation participate in improving processes, products, services, and the culture in business processes. TQM was developed by William Deming, a management consultant whose work had a great impact on Japanese manufacturing.

Waste Management is the activities to prevent the waste production and properly handle the waste materials through the process modification to minimise, reuse or recycle them. The Waste Management include wastes collection, transport, treatment, and disposal, wastes control and monitoring, and wastes related regulations of the production, collection, transport, treatment, and disposal, etc.

Warehouse Management is the managing and controlling of the movement and storage of materials within a warehouse efficiently and effectively.

D. Key Elements Definitions of Project Management

Alignment Meeting is a work process in which team members are enhanced the communication and alignment of goals and objectives. It should allow all team members to be involved and actively generated ideas. The Project Alignment Meeting is required an agreement and consensus with the internal/external functional organisations to develop a common understanding of the purposes and goals of the project, and methods of how to achieve them among the key project participants and stakeholders. The Project Alignment Meeting should be held in the beginning of the project (project initiation phase), possibly during the project kick-off meeting.

Baseline is a defined and agreed starting point of the implementation, and for the future measurement and comparison. A Project Baseline is a basis of contractual responsibility (baseline) which is clearly defined and agreed between contract parties prior to commencement of the project, and a fundamental basis of measurement of the project completeness. The Project Baseline is a project management and control tool to help a solid understanding of the project for all internal and external project members.

Best Practice is a recommendable practice, method or technique that describes the process of developing and following a standard way. The Best Practice is the professional procedures accepted or prescribed as being correct or most effective that comes a superior result used as a benchmark.

Brainstorming is a work process of group problem solving technique that involves the contribution of ideas from all members of the group for a ​future ​activity through generating creative ideas and solutions by intensive group discussions. The Brainstorming creates new ideas, solves problems, motivates to team members, and develops team works. The Brainstorming needs to be structured and followed rule and procedures, and managed by the experienced facilitator.

Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is the process of creating systems of prevention and recovery to ensure that business processes can continue during a time of emergency or disaster, in the event of a terrorist attack, fire, flood or other natural disaster, or any other major interruption. A BCP is a subset of risk management that depends on how effectively can be devised, and managed the business continuity. A BCP work process is: Analyse Business -> Assess the Risks -> Develop Strategy -> Develop Plan -> Implementation -> Feedback. (Refer to the Business Sustainability)

Client Satisfaction or Customer Satisfaction is a marketing terminology that is a measurement of how supplied goods or provided services to meet or surpass client or customer's expectation. The Client Satisfaction can be developed by the client relationship management and measurement system to maintain or improve a long term business partnership through a continuous improvement of performance and relationship. The process can be conducted structured interviews with the client or customer key people face to face, phone or internet or handwritten form.

Contract is an agreement between two or more parties, to exchange providing a specific work (Scope of Work) with agreed compensations (mainly cost and/or any others specified in the contract) with terms and conditions. The Contract terms and conditions including both parties' obligation, liability, payment, and other terms and conditions are legally binded. The Contract dispute settlement process and change management work process is a part of contract. In addition to a signed document, resulting from acceptance of offers by award notices, letters of intent (LOI), and other orders such as POs are one of the contracts. The Project Execution Plan (PEP) and procedures are developed based on the actual contract terms and conditions. Contract Types are several methods between contract parties, owner and contractor, depending on the project environments and project approaches. There are two main types of contract: a fixed price and a reimbursement, and can be divided into: Fixed Price (Lump Sum) Contract; Cost plus (Reimbursable) Fee Contract; Incentive Contract; Unit Price Contract.

Decision Making

E. Additional Definitions

Ability is a skill, knowledge, or power of the physical or mental to do a task or work.

Abnormal Situation is an event that disturbs in the system or process with the question on the condition or operation of a plant.

Acceptance Criteria is the quality provisions of the technical basis and conditions that used to determine whether goods or services are accepted or satisfied by a user or customer. (Refer to the Project Acceptance Criteria)

Acceptance Rule is 1) a rule of contract law that makes the intention of accepting with an unconditional assent, or communicated all terms of the offer by the offeree to the offeror, and any exceptions to the general rule; 2) a logical or arithmetic condition applied to a data item or data group to be considered correct.

Accessibility is a quality or characteristic of being able to be reached or entered.

Accident is an unplanned, unexpected, undersigned, and not intended bad event happen with the damage, loss, or injure.

Accountability is 1) ​completely ​responsible for what to do; 2) the obligation of an individual or organisation to account for its activities. The Accountability cannot be delegated, but it can be shared.

Accuracy

F. Institute

Business Continuity Management Institute or BCM Institute is a leading global Business Continuity Management (BCM) Institute. Established in 2005, BCM Institute promotes and develops the BCM and Resilience disciplines of ISO22301 BCM Audit, Business Continuity Management (BCM), Crisis Management (CM), Crisis Communication (CC) and Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) for a variety of industries and clients around the world. Today, BCM Institute is the largest BCM practice in Asia Pacific. (Source: www.bcm-institute.org/)

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) collects, analyzes, and disseminates independent and impartial energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. EIA provides a wide range of information and data products covering energy production, stocks, demand, imports, exports, and prices and prepares analyses and special reports on topics of current interest. (http://www.eia.gov)

International Compliance Association (ICA) is a professional membership and awarding body. We are the leading global provider of professional, certificated qualifications in anti money laundering; governance, risk and compliance and financial crime prevention. Being a member of the ICA, a global community, demonstrates a commitment to the highest standards of practice and conduct, enhances your professional reputation and employability and significantly, protects and improves the performance of your organisation. (Source: www.int-comp.org/)

International Energy Agency (IEA) is at the center of the global energy debate, and co-operates with a broad range of international organisations and forums working in the field of energy. Its central role was the reason it was picked to host a number of multi-lateral organisations at its headquarters in Paris, including the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) Secretariat and the Energy Efficiency Hub. The IEA was also picked to be the facilitator for the BioFuture Platform. The IEA also supports energy-related work of the Group of 20 (G20), Group of Seven (G7) and Group of Eight (G8), as well as Mission Innovation. The IEA also plays an active role in discussions with producer economies and with the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), particularly within the International Energy Forum (IEF). The IEA also regularly advises in expert discussions at the Conference of Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). On statistics, the IEA is a founding partner of the Joint Organisations Data Initiative (JODI), working alongside APEC, the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT), the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF), the Latin American Energy Organisation (OLADE), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), OPEC and IEF. The IEA also works closely with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) to maintain a joint database of renewable energy policies and measures. Regionally, the IEA also collaborates with organisations such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the African Union (AU) to promote regional energy co-operation. (Source: www.iea.org/)

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) is an award-winning independent think tank working to fulfill a bold commitment: to create a world where people and the planet thrive. Our vision: A world where people and the planet thrive; Our mission: To accelerate solutions for a stable climate, sustainable resources, and fair economies; What We Do: Our research and policy work focuses on areas we deem ripe for transformation, where shifts in policy have the potential to change the game and where we have a proven record of making significant gains. (Source: www.iisd.org)

PRINCE2 (an acronym for PRojects IN Controlled Environments) is a de facto process-based method for effective project management. Used extensively by the UK Government, PRINCE2 is also widely recognised and used in the private sector, both in the UK and internationally. The PRINCE2 method is in the public domain, and offers non-proprietorial best practice guidance on project management. When PRINCE was launched in 1989, it effectively superseded PROMPT within Government projects. PRINCE remains in the public domain and copyright is retained by the Crown. PRINCE2 was published in 1996, having been contributed to by a consortium of some 150 European organisations. (Source: www.prince2.com)

Project Management Institute (PMI) is the world's leading not-for-profit professional membership association for the project, program and portfolio management profession. Founded in 1969, PMI delivers value for more than 2.9 million professionals working in nearly every country in the world through global advocacy, collaboration, education and research. PMI advances careers, improves organizational success and further matures the profession of project management through its globally recognized standards, certifications, resources, tools, academic research, publications, professional development courses, and networking opportunities. As part of the PMI family, Human Systems International (HSI) provides organizational assessment and benchmarking services to leading businesses and government, while ProjectManagement.com and ProjectsAtWork.com create online global communities that deliver more resources, better tools, larger networks and broader perspectives. (Source: www.pmi.org)

World Energy Council (WEC) is the principal impartial network of leaders and practitioners promoting an affordable, stable and environmentally sensitive energy system for the greatest benefit of all. Formed in 1923, the Council is the UN-accredited global energy body, representing the entire energy spectrum, with more than 3000 member organisations located in over 90 countries and drawn from governments, private and state corporations, academia, NGOs and energy-related stakeholders. The World Energy Council informs global, regional and national energy strategies by hosting high-level events, publishing authoritative studies, and working through its extensive member network to facilitate the world’s energy policy dialogue. (Source: www.worldenergy.org/)

World Petroleum Council (WPC) is a non-advocacy, non-political organisation with charitable status in the U.K. and has accreditation as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) from the United Nations (UN). The WPC is dedicated to the promotion of sustainable management and use of the world’s petroleum resources for the benefit of all. WPC conducts the triennial World Petroleum Congress, covering all aspects of the industry including management of the industry and its social, economic and environmental impact. (Source: www.world-petroleum.org/)

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