CSA Engineering

CSA (Civil, Structural and Architectural) Engineering
Civil Engineering is an engineering discipline that focuses on the design, engineering, construction and maintenance of a building, road, bridge, related infrastructure, and underground works such as structure and equipment foundations, etc., and utility water and energy systems, etc. A Civil Engineer collaborates with other engineering disciplines, including architects, urban planners, environmental scientists, and policymakers, to create functional and sustainable infrastructure to consider factors like safety, aesthetics, environmental impact, and economic feasibility. The Civil Engineer is responsible for design and engineering for civil, structures, and underground works.

Structural Engineering is a part of the civil engineering that focuses the science and art of design and practical engineering with the analysis and design of structures. The Structural Engineering works to support or resist loads of all type of stationary structures with economy and elegance including buildings, bridges, frameworks, and other structures.

Architectural Engineering is a part of the civil engineering that is the application of engineering principles and technology to building design and construction. The Architectural Engineering is responsible for a building and structure design and engineering with economy and elegance.

Civil means that 1) relating to the ground or soil; 2) an ordinary people, not military or religious; 3) relating to private arguments between people or organisations rather than criminal matters.

Structure is 1) a part of supporting material for a large size of building or structures; 2) a part of system or frame work.

Architecture is a design and engineering, and construction of a building and structure.

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is a system technology to supply quality air to the indoor or building with heating or cooling, and ventilation system to maintain or keep air quality and temperature.

Geotechnical (Geotech) Engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the analysis, design and construction of the foundation, slope, retaining structure, embankment, tunnel, levee, wharf, landfill, and other systems that is made of or supported by soil or rock. The Geotech Engineering is also important in coastal and ocean engineering, in relation to building the wharf, jetty, marina and coastal defence, as well as foundation and anchor system for the offshore structure such as an oil rig platform.

Civil
Bar Bending Schedule is a civil and structural construction detailed design and engineering drawing that provides information of a bill of materials (BM) for re-bars. 

Borehole is a deep and narrow hole that is bored beneath the ground during a geotechnical evaluation of a design for the installation of underground services. The Borehole can be horizontal or vertical in direction to collect soil, water, and rock samples, and may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water, other liquids or gases for the geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration as well as for the underground storage of unwanted substances such as the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

Contour Map is a curve along which the function has a constant value that is a map displaying lines. (e.g., Topographic Contour Map)

Dike is an embankment or wall built to act as a barrier blocking passage of liquids to surrounding areas.

Tank Dike is a versatile secondary containment alternative for the secure storage of petroleum, chemicals, etc., in case the tank collapses. The volume or space inside the tank dike should be greater than the volume of the tank meeting the NFPA 30 codes.

Diversion Pond is a water separation pond that is for further usage or treatment or disposal of water. 

Drainage is a process or system of water disposal or waste liquid removing into the ground or down pipe. 

Earthworks Grading Drawing

Strucure
Equipment Structure is a supporting structure for equipment and related facilities.

Module is a set of separated parts from a complete unit or plant, or the self contained and operated with essential utility supply that is a transportable pre-assembly components of process plant designed to minimise site installation and commissioning activities, and labour costs. Module Types are pre-assembled unit (PAU), pre-assembled rack (PAR), pre-assembled building (PAB), and vendor assembled unit (VAU).

Pre-Assembled Building (PAB) is one of the modular construction methods, especially buildings with building contents (e.g., Control Room, Substation, etc.).

Pre-Assembled Rack (PAR) is one of a modular construction method, especially Pipe Racks.

Pre-Assembled Unit (PAU) is the combination of the number of separate components into a partially or fully complete unit or system. Typical example includes a fully dressed vessel completed with the insulation, platform, ladder, walkway, piping, and instrument, etc.

Vendor Assembled Unit (VAU) or Skid Mounted Module is a number of separate items of equipment on a common base frame or skid that is a well established technique by a manufacturer as a package item. The method can be used in many applications to combine adjacent or connected items of equipment (e.g., combining rotating equipment with drivers and compressors with receivers, etc.)

Pipe Rack is a structure that typically, support pipes, power and instrument cables and trays in petrochemical, chemical, refinery and power plants. The Pipe Rack also, supports the small mechanical equipment and access platforms that transfers the substances between process equipment and storage or utility areas.

Platform

Architecture
Blast Load is the load applied to a structure or object from a blast wave, which is described by the combination of overpressure and either impulse or duration that causes catastrophic damage to the building both externally and internally.

Blast Proof refers to the Explosion Proof.

Blast Resilience design is required structures or structural components which have already a certain elasticity and flexibility in their conventional design to receive some blast loads, and those which are designed with an improved conventional (enhanced resilient) design to receive limited blast loads. The Blast Resilience Design is guided in ASCE (American Society Civil Engineers) Standard for Blast Protection of Buildings and ACI (American Concrete Institute), and AISC (The American Institute of Steel Construction) Codes.

Blast Resistance design is a safely stand against a blast load of explosion calculated by the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for buildings and structures to protect people and key control and electrical systems. The Blast Resistance design is guided in the ASCE (American Society Civil Engineers) Standard for Blast Protection of Buildings and ACI (American Concrete Institute), and AISC (The American Institute of Steel Construction) Codes.

Blast Resistant Building is a building that is a structure made to withstand significant explosions and to protect personnel and equipment in hazardous environments while sustaining a predetermined amount of damage.

Building Detail Drawing is the containing details of junctions, fixings, termination and joints in materials, fittings, equipment, materials, and finishes that is a deliverable document of the Detailed Design and Engineering developed by a CSA (Architecture) discipline.

Building Envelope is a physical separator between the conditioned and unconditioned environment of a building that is structural elements (walls, roof, floor, foundation) of a building and encloses conditioned space.

Building Information Modelling (BIM)

HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning)
Air Conditioner is a device for conditioning air in an interior space that controls the quality, quantity, and temperature-humidity of the air.

Air Change Rate (ACH, Air Charges per Hour) is a measure of the air volume replaced within a defined space by ventilation and infiltration (measured in cubic feet per time interval (hour)). The actual amount of air changed in a well mixed ventilation scenario will be 63.2% after 1 hour.

Air Diffuser is an air distribution outlet located in the ceiling and consisting of deflecting vanes discharging supply air.

Air Infiltration is the unintentional flow of air that is the movement of air into a building, whereas air exfiltration is the movement of air out of a building. Air Infiltration Measurement is a building energy auditing technique used to determine and/or locate air leaks in a building shell or envelope.

Air Retarder (or Air Barrier) is a material or structural element that stops air flow into and out of a building that is due to air pressure differences between indoor and out, which forces air through any holes. (Refer to the Vapour Retarder)

Airlock is a building entry device or system that uses to control the entry of personnel to a secure area as well as maintain the constant temperature such as a cleanroom with two airtight doors. The Airlock reduces the amount of air infiltration and exfiltration when the exterior most door is opened.

Automatic Damper is a device that cuts off the flow of hot or cold air to or from a room as controlled by electric or pneumatic motors, in turn controlled by a thermostat or building automation system.

Building Heat-Loss Factor

Dimension is a ​measurement of extension in a given direction, ​height, ​length, or ​width.

Elevation is a vertical height of location or position from the base (bench mark, datum), normally the ground level.

Geodetic Datum is a coordinate system and a set of reference points that is the representation of the Earth's surface on a piece of paper, parameters of the size and the shape of the Earth and the origin and orientation of a co-ordinate system need to be defined.

Manual J (Heating and Cooling Load Calculations) is the name for a specific protocol used to determine how much heating/cooling a home needs to stay cool and dry in the summer and warm in the winter developed by the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) and the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) based largely on the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineer's (ASHRAE).

Seismic means 1) a having very great and damaging effects; 2) relating to earthquakes or other vibrations of the earth.

Smart Home (Intelligent Living) is a modernised private house equipped with intelligent devices and systems for the intelligent management that controls the lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances, and communicates and interacts to meet the needs and requirements of the residents. The Smart Home can be controlled remotely by the owner, often via mobile applications. A SMART home stands for Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology was originally developed by IBM.

Weatherization is a practice of protecting a building that is to reduce air infiltration and exfiltration in a building. (Also, called as a weatherproofing in the UK, refer to the Weatherstripping)

• Building Detail Drawing *
• Building Layout Drawing
• Cable Trench Detail
• Cable Trench Layout
• Civil Design Criteria
• Civil Layout
• Drawings of Platforms, Ladders, Handrails and Stairs associated with equipment and vessels
• Earthworks Grading Drawing *
• Earthworks Specification
• Fireproofing of Structural Steelwork Specification
• Foundation & Concrete Structure General Arrangement Drawings (GA’s) *
• Foundation and Concrete Structure Details
• Foundation Drawing *
• Paving Plan and Detail *
• Piling Layout *
• Piling Specification
• Reinforced Concrete Specification
• Requisitions for Structural Steelwork *
• Road Layout and Detail
• Schedules of Finishes (Buildings)
• Schedules of Doors and Windows
• Specifications for Building
• Structural Design Criteria
• Structural Steel Layout and Details *
• Structural Steelwork Specification
• Underground Composite Drawing
• Underground Services Detail Drawing
• Underground Services Layout
• Underground Services Specification

American Concrete Institute (ACI) is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development and distribution of consensus-based standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design, construction, and materials, who share a commitment to pursuing the best use of concrete. (Source: www.concrete.org)

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), headquartered in Chicago, is a not-for-profit technical institute and trade association established in 1921 to serve the structural steel design community and construction industry in the United States. AISC’s mission is to make structural steel the material of choice by being the leader in structural-steel-related technical and market-building activities, including: specification and code development, research, education, technical assistance, quality certification, standardization, and market development. AISC has a long tradition of service to the steel construction industry providing timely and reliable information. (Source: www.aisc.org)

American Iron and Steel Institute's (AISI) history spans more than 150 years, for over a century, North American steel producers have left their day-to-day rivalries behind to work as partners and members of the American Iron and Steel Institute in furthering its mission to influence public policy, educate and shape public opinion in support of a strong, sustainable U.S. and North American steel industry committed to manufacturing products that meet society’s needs. AISI also plays a lead role in the development and application of new steels and steelmaking technology. AISI is comprised of 19 member companies, including integrated and electric furnace steelmakers, and approximately 124 associate members who are suppliers to or customers of the steel industry. (Source: www.steel.org/)

Association for Iron & Steel Technology (AIST) is a non-profit organization with 17,500 members from more than 70 countries. With 29 Technology Committees and 22 Local Members Chapters, AIST represents an incomparable network of steel industry knowledge and expertise. (Source: www.aist.org)

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) represents more than 146,000 members of the civil engineering profession in 174 countries. Founded in 1852, ASCE is the nation’s oldest engineering society. ASCE stands at the forefront of a profession that plans, designs, constructs, and operates society’s economic and social engine – the built environment – while protecting and restoring the natural environment. (Source: http://www.asce.org/)