Energy

Energy is the power and ability or capacity of a physical system to perform the work. The Energy forms are the heat, kinetic, mechanical energy, electrical power, etc., that can be converted to other forms.

Conventional Power is the most common form and greatest source of electricity generation globally such as petroleum, natural gas, or coal. In some cases, large-scale hydropower and nuclear power generation are considered conventional sources.

Nuclear Energy is the energy in the nucleus of an atom that comes from splitting atoms of radioactive materials, such as uranium, and which produces radioactive wastes. The Nuclear Energy can be used to produce electricity during nuclear fission or fusion.

Renewable Energy is any energy resources that is generated from natural processes, and continuously replenished or naturally and constantly regenerated over a short time scale. The Renewable Energy resources are sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, and various forms of biomass, but do not include energy resources derived from fossil fuels, waste products from fossil sources, or inorganic sources. The Renewable Energy technologies range from Solar Energy; Wind Power; Geothermal Energy; Biomass; Hydropower (or Hydroelectric Power); Ocean Energy (Tidal Energy; Wave Energy); Hydrogen Fuel Cell; Fusion Energy, etc.

Clean Energy is electricity or nuclear power, that does not pollute the atmosphere when used, and a clean coal plant is simply a coal plant with emissions reduction technology.

Green Energy comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae, and geothermal heat that is a subset of renewable energy. The Green Energy is the low or zero emissions and low environmental impacts to systems for human life that protects the natural environment.

Power is 1) the amount of energy available or capacity to do a work, measured in Horsepower, Watts, Btu per hour, or Electric power (electric current and electromotive force); 2) to control a work or an organisation.

Binding Energy is the amount of energy required to separate a particle from a system of particles, or the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or to separate a proton or neutron from the atomic nucleus.

Bioenergy is the renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources that is the complex carbohydrates in organic material into energy.

Biofuel (Biomass Fuel) is any fuel that is derived from directly or indirectly from organic material including the plant material and animal waste such as bioethanol from sugar cane or corn; charcoal or woodchips; and biogas from anaerobic decomposition of wastes. (e.g., Bioethanol; Biodiesel; Biogas; Biojet Fuel; Cellulosic Ethanol, etc.) The Biofuel production has challenges associated with land use competition with food crops, concerns about deforestation and habitat destruction, and the energy and resource input required for their production.

Bond Energy (E) is the amount of energy necessary to break one mole of gas-phase bonds of a substance in a chemical bond into component atoms at a temperature of 298 °K or 25 °C. (Also, called as the Bond Enthalpy (H))

Chemical Energy is energy contained in the internal structure of an atom or molecule, and generated from a chemical reaction, as in the combustion of fuels.

Decomposition Energy is the maximum amount of energy which can be released upon decomposition that breaks apart the bonds of compounds.

Electrical Energy is the amount of work accomplished by electrical power that is converted from electric potential energy, and stored in charged particles within an electric field. The Electrical Energy is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh): 1 kWh is equal to 3,413 Btu

Electromagnetic Energy is the energy generated that can be reflected or emitted from objects through electrical or magnetic waves traveling through space.

Heat Energy (or Thermal Energy) is a form of energy which transfers among particles called atoms, molecules or ions in solids, liquids and gases in a substance or system that transfers or flows due to the difference in temperature between the two objects. The quantitative relationship between Heat Energy transfer and temperature change: Q=mcΔT, where Q is the symbol for heat transfer, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Kinetic Energy is the energy of object's motion that possesses the energy of vertical or horizontal motion. The Kinetic Energy can be quantified the amount of work the object do as a result of its motion. The total mechanical energy of an object is the sum of the Kinetic energy and Potential energy. The total energy of an isolated system is subject to the conservation of energy principle. The Kinetic Energy of a point mass m is given by = 0.5 * m * v^2 where v = speed of object

Magnetic Potential Energy is a form of energy that a magnetic dipole moment in a magnetic field will possess potential energy which related not only to the distance between magnetic materials, but also to the orientation, or alignment, of those materials within the field.

Mechanical Energy is an energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or position such as kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position).

Nuclear Fusion is a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy. The difference in mass between the products and reactants is manifested as the release of large amounts of energy.

Potential Energy is the possessed energy by an object of its position or configuration. The objective may have the capacity for doing work as a result of 1) its position: a gravitational potential energy, electric potential energy, magnetic potential energy; 2) a stretched or deformation: an elastomer potential energy; and 3) a chemical potential energy and nuclear potential energy, etc.

Chemical Potential Energy is a form of potential energy related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules.

Elastic Potential Energy is a form of mechanical energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic object such as a stretching of spring. The deformation could involve compressing, stretching or twisting the object. Many objects are designed specifically to store elastic potential energy.

Elastomer Potential Energy refers to the Elastic Potential Energy.

Electric Potential is the amount of electric potential energy that moves a unit charge from a reference point to a specific point against an electric field.

Electric Potential Energy is the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point (e.g., Earth) to a specific point against an electric field. 

Electrochemical Potential is a thermodynamic measure of chemical potential that is the partial derivative of the total electrochemical free energy of a constituent with respect to the number of moles.

Electrokinetic Potential is a potential difference in a liquid characterising electrochemical equilibrium on interfaces that causes by residual, unbalanced charge distribution in the adjoining solution, producing a double layer. (Also, called as the Zeta Potential).

Gravitational Potential Energy is the mechanical energy of the object possession at a location that equals to the work per unit mass (by force of gravity). The Gravitational Potential Energy at the near the surface of the Earth where the gravitational acceleration can be assumed as a constant of 9.8 m/s^2.

Nuclear Potential Energy is a potential energy of the particles inside an atomic nucleus.

Radiant Energy is the energy that transmits away from its source in all directions, particularly electromagnetic radiation such as heat or x-rays.

Thermal Energy is 1) the energy possessed by an object or system due to the movement of particles within the object or the system; 2) the energy developed through the use of heat energy that is transferred spontaneously from a hotter to a colder system or body. The Thermal Energy is the kinetic energy measured in joules, watt-hours, or in electron-volts that exchanges between two bodies.

Power Plant is an electrical power generation plant that produces electricity by converting mechanical power such as the rotation of a turbine into electrical power. In a coal-fired steam station, the combustion of coal turns water into steam and the steam in turn drives turbine generators to produce electricity. The Power Plant includes either fossil fuels, nuclear fission, or renewable sources like hydro, wind power, solar power, geothermal power, and biomass power plants.

Electric Power Plant is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power that is a facility or piece of equipment to produce electricity. (Refer to the CHP (Combined Heat and Power Plant), and Trigeneration plant)

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies use mirrors to concentrate the sun's light energy and convert it into heat to create steam to drive a turbine that generates electrical power. A CSP technologies are 1) Parabolic Trough System uses trough-shaped mirrors that reflect and concentrate solar radiation onto receiver tubes containing heat transfer fluid; 2) Central Receiver uses an array of individually tracking mirrors to reflect and concentrate solar radiation onto an elevated central receiver which produces steam; 3) Linear Fresnel System uses an array of flat or slightly curved reflectors to concentrate solar radiation onto an elevated absorber tubes containing heat transfer fluid; 4) Dish Stirling System uses a parabolic dish to reflect and concentrate solar radiation onto a receiver filled with hydrogen or helium as a transfer gas.

Clean Power Generator produces the electricity from sources which are environmentally cleaner than traditional sources. Clean, or Green Power is usually defined as power from renewable energy that comes from wind, solar, biomass energy, etc. Additionally, there are various definitions of clean resources including the power produced from waste-to-energy and wood-fired plants that may still produce significant air emissions.

Cogeneration refers to the CHP (Combined Heat and Power Plant).

Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) is a power plant that uses a gas turbine to drive an electrical generator, and recovers waste heat from the turbine exhaust to generate steam. The steam from waste heat is run through a steam turbine to provide supplemental electricity. Combining two or more thermodynamic cycles improves overall efficiency, which reduces fuel costs.

Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP) is the process of generating two or more forms of energy from a single energy source that produces electricity or shaft power by an energy conversion system and the concurrent use of rejected thermal energy from the conversion system as an auxiliary energy source. A CHP is one or more units of a plant that consists of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat to produce at the same time. (Also, called as the Cogeneration) (Refer to the Trigeneration)

Combustion Power Plant is a power plant that generates electrical power by combusting a fuel such as the natural gas.

Electrical Grid (or Electric Power Network System) is an interconnected network system for delivering electric power (electricity) from electric power generation plants to final users (homes and plant). The Electrical Grid network system consists of the electric power generation plant (or stations); high voltage (above 1500V DC) transmission lines from power generation sources to local distribution centres and low voltage (120 ~ 1500V DC) transmission lines from the local distribution centre to final users; substations; and transformers.

Geothermal Power Plant is a power generation plant by geothermal energy, and types are: 1) Dry Steam Power Station: Dry Steam takes out of the ground and uses it to directly drive a turbine. Hot steam is piped directly from geothermal reservoirs into generators in the power plant; 2) Flash Steam Power Station: Flash Steam uses high-pressure hot water into cool, low-pressure. Hot water is brought up through a well and flashed into steam. The condensed water is returned to the ground; 3) Binary Cycle Power Station: Hot geothermal water is passed through a heat exchanger, where its heat is transferred to a liquid that boils at a lower temperature than water, which spins the turbines.

Hydroelectric Power Plant is a power plant that produces electricity by the force of water falling through a hydro turbine and generator.

Hydrogen Power Plant is a power generation facility which uses hydrogen to produce electrical energy. The Hydrogen Power Plant includes a hydrogen fired gas turbine, electrolyser with hydrogen compression and storage that is a large facility, not unlike a nuclear power plant in appearance. Combining the re-electrification of hydrogen with heat generation can significantly increase the overall efficiency of the Hydrogen Power Plant solution. A Blue Hydrogen Power Plant can be preferable to a natural gas generator with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is an electric power plant generating electricity from coal and other low grade hydrocarbons by gasifying technology. An IGCC uses a high pressure gasifier to turn coal and other carbon based fuels into pressurised gas then remove impurities from the syngas prior to the power generation cycle in which a gas turbine generator generates electricity and the waste heat is used to make steam to generate additional electricity via a steam turbine.

Internal Combustion Electric Power Plant is the generation of electric power by a heat engine which converts part of the heat generated by combustion of the fuel into mechanical motion to operate an electric generator. The Engine Power Plant is a well-developed technology to generate electricity and often additional thermal energy.

Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) is the power generation plant by the burning fossil fuels more cleanly than traditional technologies that is an advanced power generation technology which allows to improve the fuel efficiency of natural gas.

Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) or Nuclear Power Station is an electrical generating facility using a nuclear reactor as its heat source, to provide steam to a turbine that converts atomic energy into usable power.

Load Management is 1) the work process of a system load by assessing and quantifying that is the discrete components and comprise loads (e.g., Workload, Electrical or Structural loads, etc.) based on particular conditions including time of day or season as a variable; 2) in Electricity industry, the process of balancing the supply of electricity to influence the demand on a power source by adjusting or controlling the load rather than the power station output. The Load Management can be three categories: Load Shedding (Peak Clipping), Load Shifting, and Load Valley Filling.

Base Load is the portion of energy (electricity, LNG) delivered or produced that is continuous as a minimum over a given period of time at a steady rate, approximately equivalent to the minimum daily load. In electric system, the Base Load power is generated by nuclear or fossil-fuel (or, where available, biomass or geothermal) generators as the basis of the reliable and affordable electricity needed to satisfy this minimum demand.

Demand Side Management (DSM) is the process of managing the consumption of energy that is the initiatives and technologies that encourage consumers to optimise their energy use.

Interruptible Load is the energy load (demand or consumption) that can be shut off or disconnected at the supplier´s discretion or in accordance with a contractual agreement.

Load Levelling is a method for reducing large fluctuations of the loads such as resources, utilities, in production or customer demand (e.g., resources including electrical power demand, or the production of energy during off-peak periods for storage and use during peak demand periods)

Load Forecast is a prediction of future demand or an estimate of demand of something at the future period to develop and ensure that sufficient quantities and types of generation are available in the future.

Load Profile or Shape represents the pattern of utility (e.g., electricity) usage by a specified time period that is a curve on a chart showing power (kW) supplied (on the horizontal axis) plotted against time of occurrence (on the vertical axis) to illustrate the variance in a load.

Load Shedding

Alternative Energy is a term used for an energy source that is an alternative to using fossil fuels. The Alternative Energy is non-traditional and have low environmental impact such as nuclear power electric energy.

Auxiliary Energy or System is an alternate source of energy system or energy supply system to operate mechanical components or any additional energy consumptions (e.g., fans, pumps, control gear etc.) that is a back-up system.

Backup Energy System is a reserve appliance that can provide adequate power to operate critically important equipment until the main power system is restored for a home, commercial building, and industry. (Refer to the EPS (Emergency Power System); UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply); ESS (Energy Storage System))

Battery Energy Storage (or Battery Energy Storage System, BESS) is the set of methods and technologies of an energy accumulator that enables the energy from original sources to be stored and then released when customers need the power later. The Battery Energy Storage technologies are essential to speeding up the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy. At the start of 2020, BESSs accounted for around 5% of the global energy storage capacity, significantly less than pumped-storage hydro. According to Fortune Business Insights, the Battery Energy Storage market size is expected to reach $19.74 billion at 20.4% CAGR globally by 2027.

Brown Coal is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. (Also, called as the Bituminous coal and Lignite).

Coal Mine Methane (CMM) is the methane recovered from coal mines that is extracted from the air in the coal mine which can be used in local power generation or heat production.

Commercial Power is the power or energy output delivered by the seller to the buyer during the operating period that used by commercial entities, and generated by independent power producers or a jointly owned generator with tariff based and corporately aligned with companies that own distribution facilities are also included. The Commercial Power is usually the prime power source however, when economically feasible, the Commercial Power serves as an alternative or standby source.

Conservation of Energy 

Alternative Fuel is a non-conventional fuel that is other than petrol or diesel for powering motor vehicles, such as natural gas, biomass materials, or electricity.

Autogeneration is 1) the generation of electricity by an industrial to make needs of its own operations. (e.g., Combined Heat and Power); 2) in computer science, Autogeneration (Automatic Programming) is a type of computer programming that mechanism generates a computer program to allow programmers to write the code at a higher abstraction level. (e.g., AI (Artificial Intelligence) and Autogeneration of Code); 3) the automatic creation of something inside or internal, without any other involvement.

Electric Vehicle (EV) is a battery-powered electrically driven vehicle that can be plugged in to charge from an off-board electric power source. (Refer to the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV))

EU Taxonomy is a regulatory classification system under which companies may enable categorisation of economic activities in climate change mitigation and adaptation. The EU Taxonomy defines sustainable economic activities in six environmental objectives: climate change mitigation, adaptation, protection of water, ecosystems, circular economy and tackling pollution. Nuclear and Natural Gas included in EU Taxonomy with potentially problematic conditions: nuclear generators will be subject to strict safety and environmental conditions, including on waste disposal under the EU’s controversial criterion.

Net Zero means to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere that is international scientific consensus to prevent the worst climate damages. The Global net human-caused the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions need to fall by about 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching the Net Zero around 2050. Global warming is proportional to cumulative CO2 emissions, which means that the planet will keep heating for as long as global emissions remain more than zero. In electricity, emissions to zero can be done using renewable and nuclear generation, and a transport system that runs on electricity or hydrogen, well-insulated homes and industrial processes based on electricity rather than gas can all help to bring sectoral emissions to absolute zero. However, in agriculture industries is highly unlikely that emissions will be brought to zero. An equivalent amount of CO2 will need to be negative emissions in some business sector to become the Net Zero for the whole economy system.

Quantum is the smallest amount or unit of something, especially energy. A Quantum of light is called a photon that may be emitted by an electron.

RE 100 (Renewable 100 Percent) is the global corporate renewable energy initiative of influential businesses committed to 100% renewable electricity, working to massively increase demand for renewable energy. Corporations with membership in RE100 aim for a zero-emissions economy. To participate, members must publicly commit to match 100 percent of the electricity consumed in their global operations with a like amount of renewable electricity produced from solar, wind, water, geothermal or biomass. To achieve zero carbon electricity grids, companies need to be able to source 100% renewable electricity at reasonable cost.

Seasonal Storage 

Energy Department (Department of Energy’s (DOE)) is to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions.

Energy Industries Council (EIC) delivers high-value market intelligence to members through its online energy project database, and via a global network of staff who work in-the-field to provide qualified regional insight. Along with practical assistance and facilitation services, the EIC's access to information keeps members one step ahead of the competition in a demanding global marketplace. The EIC is the leading Trade Association providing dedicated services to help members understand, identify and pursue business opportunities globally. Established in 1943, the EIC is a not-for-profit organisation with a membership of over 650 UK-registered companies who deliver goods and services to the energy industries worldwide. (Source: www.the-eic.com/)

Energy Institute (EI) is the professional body for the energy industry, developing and sharing knowledge, skills and good practice towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy system. The EI supports over 23,000 individuals working in or studying energy and 250 companies worldwide, providing learning and networking opportunities to support professional development, as well as professional recognition and technical and scientific knowledge resources on energy in all its forms and applications. (Source: www.energyinst.org/)

International Energy Forum (IEF) aims to foster greater mutual understanding and awareness of common energy interests among its members. The 72 Member Countries of the Forum are signatories to the IEF Charter, which outlines the framework of the global energy dialogue through this inter-governmental arrangement. Covering all six continents and accounting for around 90% of global supply and demand for oil and gas, the IEF is unique in that it comprises not only consuming and producing countries of the IEA and OPEC, but also Transit States and major players outside of their memberships, including Argentina, China, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Sitting alongside other important developed and developing economies on the 31 strong IEF Executive Board these key nations are active supporters of the global energy dialogue through the IEF. (Source: www.ief.org/)

The Energy Web Atlas™ is a comprehensive source of actionable project intelligence for the international energy industry. Covering every aspect of the business, the ESRI-based GIS platform allows users to interrogate real-time project information, export and manipulate data, and secure the know-how needed to stay ahead of the competition. Developed by Gulf Energy Information, the Energy Web Atlas draws on the data and experience of the industry’s leading trade journals - Hydrocarbon Processing, Gas Processing, Petroleum Economist, Pipeline & Gas Journal and World Oil - to give users the data they need to run their business. (Source: http://energywebatlas.com/)