Engineering Discipline

Engineering Disciplines of oil and gas industries are mainly the process engineering, process safety engineering, mechanical engineering, piping and pipeline engineering, electrical engineering, control system and instrumentation (CSI) engineering and civil, structural and architecture (CSA) engineering.

Process Engineering is a branch of engineering disciplines (Chemical) that focuses on the process technology, configuration, integration and optimisation of the process and utility facilities, and a selection of the equipment types considering the performance of production and economics with other disciplinary supports. A Process Engineer is responsible for the development of process design and engineering document including PFD, P&ID, Process Datasheet, etc. The Process Engineer is often to involve a collaboration of engineering and science, and a normal back ground of process engineer is a chemical engineer.

Process Safety Engineering is a safety specialised process engineering discipline that is responsible for the developing risk assessments and designing safety operating practices, and provides technical leadership and support to identify hazards, assess risks and provide cost-efficient management solutions. The Process Safety Engineering focuses on the prevention of fire and explosion, accidental chemical release, and reactive chemistry, toxic exposure, overpressure/under pressure, equipment malfunction, excessive temperature and thermal expansion, metal fatigue, corrosion, human factors, and other similar conditions by the application of good engineering and design principles.

Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that applies principles of science, technology, and industrial engineering practices for the mechanical design and engineering, focuses on the machines, equipment, devices, and mechanical systems. A Mechanical Engineer is responsible for the development of mechanical data sheets and bid evaluations for procurement, and involvements in the manufacturing, construction, operation and maintenance of the equipment and mechanical systems.

Piping Engineering is a branch of engineering disciplines (mechanical) that focuses on the analysing the behaviour of liquids and gases, and develops the fluid mechanics and uses knowledge in the piping system design and engineering. A Piping Engineer is responsible for design and engineering for the piping components and systems including the plant layout (plot plans) development.

Pipeline Engineering is a branch of engineering disciplines (Mechanical or Piping) that is responsible for design and engineering for the long distance piping system (pipeline) effectively. Generally, a Pipeline project is executed as an independent project, and a Pipeline Engineer is covering for a project, process and piping and civil engineering matters.

Control System and Instrumentation (CSI) Engineering is one of the engineering disciples that is responsible for the Control Systems and Instrumentations (Former Instrumentation Engineering or Control System Engineering).

Control System Engineering is a branch of engineering disciplines (Control System or Electrical) that is an interdisciplinary approach to enable the plant control systems, focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality with design synthesis and system validation. A Control System Engineer (CSI Engineer) is responsible for designing, developing, installing, managing and/or maintaining equipment which is used to monitor and control engineering systems, machineries, and processes.

Instrumentation Engineering is a specialised branch of the control system, electrical and electronic engineering that focuses on the measurement, control and automation of processes. In scientific terms, instrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control of process variables within a production, or manufacturing area.

CSA (Civil, Structural and Architectural) Engineering

Civil Engineering is an engineering discipline that focuses on the design, engineering, construction and maintenance of a building, road, bridge, related infrastructure, and underground works such as structure and equipment foundations, etc., and utility water and energy systems, etc. A Civil Engineer collaborates with other engineering disciplines, including architects, urban planners, environmental scientists, and policymakers, to create functional and sustainable infrastructure to consider factors like safety, aesthetics, environmental impact, and economic feasibility. The Civil Engineer is responsible for design and engineering for civil, structures, and underground works.

Structural Engineering is a part of the civil engineering that focuses the science and art of design and practical engineering with the analysis and design of structures. The Structural Engineering works to support or resist loads of all type of stationary structures with economy and elegance including buildings, bridges, frameworks, and other structures.

Architectural Engineering is a part of the civil engineering that is the application of engineering principles and technology to building design and construction. The Architectural Engineering is responsible for a building and structure design and engineering with economy and elegance.

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is a system technology to supply quality air to the indoor or building with heating or cooling, and ventilation system to maintain or keep air quality and temperature.

Electrical Engineering is an engineering discipline that focuses on the electricity power system and controls, and electrical equipment and bulk materials. An Electrical Engineer is responsible for the technology and application of the electric power generation, distribution, and system controls. Key deliverables of the Electrical Engineering are a one-line diagram (single-line diagram), electrical load list, electrical equipment datasheet, electrical bulk materials, and distribution network drawing. etc. The Electrical Engineering is expanded to telecommunication systems.

Telecommunications Engineering is a combination of electrical engineering and computer science that is responsible for designing and overseeing the installation of telecommunications equipment and facilities, such as complex electronic switching systems, optical fiber cabling, IP networks, etc. The Telecommunications Engineering uses the latest advances in communication technology (e.g., information transmmission by electronic, electrical, and electromagnetic systems, etc.) and continually improve on the communication methods and systems.

Upstream Engineering is a specialised engineering discipline that is responsible for all activities of the exploration and production in the oil and gas industry including the geological survey, onshore and offshore drilling, etc. The Upstream Engineering covers the test drilling to determine the viability of the hydrocarbon reservoirs or resources such as conventional crude oil or natural gas, or unconventional deposits including shale oil or gas as well as the engineering, fabrication, installation, safe and reliable operation, and maintenance of the production facilities in accordance with the specifications, codes and standards, and local legislations.